ABSTRACT
Objectives@# This study aimed to determine whether a mobile health (mhealth) intervention is effective in reducing weight and changing dietary behavior among employees with overweight and obesity. The study also investigated whether engagement with the intervention affected its effectiveness. @*Methods@# The intervention involved the use of a dietary coaching app, a wearable device for monitoring physical activity and body composition, and a messenger app for communicating with participants and an intervention manager. A total of 235 employees were recruited for a 12-week intervention from eight workplaces in Korea. Questionnaire surveys, anthropometric measurements, and 24-h dietary recalls were conducted at baseline and after the intervention. @*Results@# After the intervention, significant decreases in the mean body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference were observed. Furthermore, the consumption frequencies of multigrain rice and legumes significantly increased, whereas those of pork belly, instant noodles, processed meat, carbonated beverages, and fast food significantly decreased compared with those at baseline. The mean dietary intake of energy and most nutrients also decreased after the intervention. When the participants were categorized into three groups according to their engagement level, significant differences in anthropometric data, dietary behaviors, and energy intake were observed following the intervention, although there were no differences at baseline, indicating that higher engagement level led to greater improvements in weight loss and dietary behavior. @*Conclusions@# The intervention had positive effects on weight loss and dietary behavior changes, particularly among employees with higher engagement levels. These results indicate the importance of increasing the level of engagement in the intervention to enhance its effectiveness. The mhealth intervention is a promising model for health promotion for busy workers with limited time.
ABSTRACT
Objective The aim is to analyze the spatial-temporal correlation of dysentery incidence in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2004 to 2016, and to predict the short-term incidence of dysentery in China. Methods Data about the incidence of dysentery from 2004 to 2016 was collected. Arcgis and Geoda were used to create visualized grading maps and analyze spatial correlation. The auto-regressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA)was used to predict the incidence of dysentery in 2017 and evaluate the prediction accuracy of the model. Results The incidence of dysentery in China declined with each passing year from 2004 to 2016. The incidence of dysentery in the western region was significantly higher than the eastern region, except high incidence rate in Beijing and Tianjin. There was no significantly global correlation in the incidence rate, but there was local aggregation. Qinghai had turned from high-level aggregation to low-level accumulation. Inner Mongolia and Shanxi had changed from no local aggregation to low-high accumulation. Shaanxi has long been high-high, and the southeast coastal areas had been low-low accumulation for a long time. The optimal model ARIMA (1,0,0) (2,1,1)12 was established to predict the incidence of dysentery, and the prediction results were roughly consistent with the observations. Conclusion The incidence of dysentery from 2004 to 2016 is not spatially mobile but clustered. The incidence of dysentery in Beijing, Tianjin, Shaanxi and most of the western regions is severe. The ARIMA model is suitable for forecasting the incidence of short-term dysentery. And our analysis may help prevent and control the incidence of dysentery in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe whether intraoperative application of Dexmedetomidine combined with Ulinastatin has protective effect on postoperative pulmonary function in elderly patients with acute abdomen.Methods:80 cases of elderly patients with acute abdomen were divided into 4 groups randomly:Control group (group C);Dexmedetomidine group (group D);Ulinastatin group (group U) and Dexmedetomidine combined with Ulinastatin group (group D+U),20 cases in each group.In group D,before induction of anesthesia,a loading dose of Dexmedetomidine 1.0 μ g/kg was infused over 10 min,followed by continuous infusion of Dexmedetomidine at a rate of 0.5 μ g/ (kg·h) until the last 0.5 h before the end of surgery.Group U received Ulinastatin 10000 U/kg after induction of anesthesia.The patients in group D+U group were treated with the above two methods;and the patients in group C were given normal saline as control.General anesthesia was used in each group.Arterial blood gas analysis,oxygenation index,serum TNF-α and IL-8 levels were observed in all patients in preoperative 1 d and postoperative 1,3 and 5 d.All patients were back to ICU with intubation after operation.The duration of intubation,ICU treatment days,total hospitalization period and postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded.Results:For the oxygenation index,there was no significant difference between each group at TO (P＞0.05).But at T1,T2 or T3,the oxygenation index in group D+U is better than group D,group U or group C (P＜0.05).The comparison of serum TNF-α and IL-8 concentration in each group was almost the same as the oxygenation index.As for Duration of intubation,ICU treatment days,total hospitalization period,those in Group D+U are shorter than in other three groups (P＜0.05).In the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (atelectasis,pulmonary infection,etc),group D+U (18％) was significantly lower than C group(26％),group D(32％) and U group(38％,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The combination of dexmedetomidine and ulinastatin in elderly patients with acute abdomen can reduce the perioperative inflammatory response and improve the postoperative lung function.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the delayed neuroprotection induced by paeoniflorin (PF), the principal component of Paeoniae radix prescribed in Chinese medicine, and its underlying mechanisms in rats subjected to vascular dementia (VD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A rat model of VD was induced by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO). Low-dose or high-dose PF (20 or 40 mg/kg once per day) was administrated for 28 days after VD. The behavioral analysis of rat was measured by water morris. Regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), regional cerebral blood flflow (rCBF) and mean transit time (MTT) were measured in the bilateral hippocampus by perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Protein levels were evaluated by western blot analysis. mRNA levels were evaluated by real time-polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was used to estimate p65 translocation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The behavioral analysis showed that PF could decrease the escape latency time (P<0.05), and increase the residence time of the original platform quadrant and the across platform frequency in water maze in VD rats (P<0.05). Likewise, PF remarkably promoted the rCBV (P<0.05), rCBF and decreased per minute MTT (P<0.05) in hippocampus of VD rats. Furthermore, PF decreased the release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as inhibited the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the hippocampus of VD rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). PF also could decrease the protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the hippocampus of VD rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, PF signifificantly inhibited the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway in the hippocampus of VD rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PF signifificantly attenuates cognitive impairment, improves hippocampus perfusion and inhibits inflflammatory response in VD rats. In addition, the anti-inflflammatory effects of PF might be due to inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. PF may be a potential clinical application in improving VD.</p>
ABSTRACT
Se ha demostrado que la ketamina, una anestésico general, produce una respuesta de choque térmico (HSR) en algunos animales experimentales. Examinamos si la ketamina mejora la supervivencia en lesión por quemadura severa en ratas, a través de la expresión de la proteína de choque 70. Un total de 124 ratas Wistar machos se dividieron aleatoriamente en 3 grupos: un grupo de control (grupo C, n = 20), un grupo quemado (grupo B, n = 52) y un grupo quemado + ketamina (grupo K, n = 52). Las ratas de los grupos B y K presentaban quemaduras de espesor completo en el 30% del total de su superficie corporal. Las ratas del grupo K se trataron con ketamina (40mg/kg, i.m.) a los 15min después de la lesión y las del grupo B se inyectaron con igual volumen de solución salina. Luego de practicar la eutanasia a las ratas, se examinó la expresión de HSP70 en muestras del miocardio y del cerebro con análisis Western blot. En las ratas que no se sacrificaron se evaluó el estado de supervivencia. Luego de 10 días, la tasa de supervivencia en las ratas del grupo K era superior a las del grupo B (70% versus 30%). Los análisis Western blot mostraron que la expresión de proteína HSP70 en el miocardio en respuesta a la administración de ketamina es más fuerte que en respuesta a la administración de solución salina a las 3 h (158% versus 65%) y a las 6h (165% versus 68%). En comparación con el grupo B, la ketamina aumentó marcadamente el nivel de expresión de la proteína HSP70 en tejido cerebral a las 3h y a las 6 h (79% versus 51% a las 3 h; 123% versus 98% a las 6 h). Concluimos que el tratamiento con ketamina mejora la supervivencia en lesión por quemadura severa, mediante la expresión de la proteína de choque 70 en los tejidos del miocardio y del cerebro.
Ketamine, a general anesthetic, has been shown to elicit the heat-shock response (HSR) in some of the animal models. We examined whether ketamine improves survival in severe burn injury in rats via the expression of heat shock protein 70. 124 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (group C, n = 20), burned group (group B, n = 52), and burned + ketamine group (group K, n = 52). The rats in groups B and K had full-thickness burns of 30% of their total body surface. The rats in group K were treated with ketamine (40 mg/kg, i.m.) 15 min after injury, and those in group B were injected with saline at the same volume. After the rats were euthanized, HSP70 expression in myocardium and brain samples was examined by Western blot analysis. Survival status was evaluated for the rats not euthanized. After 10 days, survival rate of rats in group K was higher than that of group B (70% versus 30%). Western blot analyses revealed that HSP70 protein expression in myocardium in response to ketamine administration is stronger than that in response to saline administration at 3 h (158% versus 65%) and 6 h (165% versus 68%). Compared with that in group B, ketamine strongly increased HSP70 protein expression level in cerebral tissue at 3 h and 6 h (79% versus 51%, at 3 h; 123% versus 98%, at 6 h). We concluded that ketamine therapy improves survival in severe burn injury via the expression of heat shock protein 70 in myocardial and cerebral tissues.
Subject(s)
HumansABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Systemic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been evaluated for their possible preemptive analgesic effects. The efficacy of flurbiprofen axetil for preemptive analgesia in patients undergoing radical resection of esophageal carcinoma via the left thoracic approach needs further investigation. The aim of this study was to research the preemptive analgesic effects of flurbiprofen axetil in thoracic surgery, and the influence of preoperative administration on postoperative respiratory function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This randomized, double-blind, controlled trial enrolled 60 patients undergoing radical resection of esophageal carcinoma via the left thoracic approach. Anesthesia management was standardized. Each patient was randomly assigned to receive either 100 mg flurbiprofen axetil intravenously 15 minutes before incision (PA group) or intravenous normal saline as a control (C group). Postoperative analgesia was with sufentanil delivered by patient-controlled analgesia pump. Postoperative sufentanil consumption, visual analog scale pain scores, plasma levels of interleukin-8, and oxygenation index were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the preoperative baseline, postoperative patients in the PA group had no obvious increase in pain scores (P > 0.05), but patients in the C group had significantly increased pain scores (P < 0.05). Pain scores in the C group were significantly higher at 24 hours postoperatively than preoperatively. Intergroup comparisons showed lower visual analog scale scores at 2 - 24 hours postoperatively in the PA group than the C group (P < 0.05). Sufentanil consumption and plasma interleukin-8 levels at 2 and 12 hours postoperatively were significantly lower in the PA group than the C group (P < 0.05). The oxygenation index at 2 and 12 hours postoperatively was significantly higher in the PA group than the C group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intravenous flurbiprofen axetil appears to have a preemptive analgesic effect in patients undergoing radical resection of esophageal carcinoma via the left thoracic approach, and appears to contribute to recovery of respiratory function and to reduction of the postoperative inflammatory reaction.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled , Methods , Double-Blind Method , Esophageal Neoplasms , General Surgery , Flurbiprofen , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Tamsulosin, an alpha-1 receptor antagonist, has been demonstrated effective in promoting distal ureteral stone passage and in reducing pain associated with stone expulsion. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tamsulosin in comparison with nifedipine and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on the expulsion rate of distal ureteral stones at different sizes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We assigned 314 patients to three categories: I, the stone with maximal diameter of 4.0 - 5.9 mm; II, 6.0 - 7.9 mm, and III, 8.0 - 9.9 mm. Patients in each category were randomly subdivided into three treatment subgroups: group A (nifedipine group), group B (tamsulosin group), and group C (ESWL group). Stone-free rate and the dose of analgesics were recorded weekly during the 4-week follow-up period.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three hundred and three patients completed the study. The results showed that nifedipine and tamsulosin treatments promoted a small (4 - 8 mm, categories I and II) stone expulsive rate that was comparable with ESWL treatment. Nonetheless, when the stone diameter was 8.0 - 9.9 mm, ESWL showed a greater stone free rate than nifedipine and tamsulosin treatments; no significant difference existed between the latter two therapies. Although the ESWL treatment group required the least analgesics, tamsulosin treatments required less pain medication than nifedipine (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tamsulosin treatment is recommended for patients with the stone diameter smaller than 8 mm because of its feasibility, effectiveness and safety. ESWL is more appropriate than tamsulosin therapy for the patients whose stones are larger than 8 mm.</p>